Neilsen’s Ice Cream †Marketing Game Free Essays

Writing the Persuasive Essay

Writing the Persuasive EssayWriting the persuasive essay is something that you should do if you have the potential to make an influence over someone. The reason why this is important is because once someone reads it, it might be hard for them to read it and give up his opinion. A lot of times, a person's opinion is either influenced by the piece of paper and the person starts to question the motives of the writer. This is the reason why it is important to be able to write the persuasive essay.In order to be able to write the persuasive essay, it is a good idea to learn how to communicate. You should also consider how the person is likely to react when he or she sees your writing. This way, you can be assured that you are able to get the right outcome of your writing and this is the reason why writing the persuasive essay is very important.When you are about to start writing the persuasive essay, it is always a good idea to be serious. As a matter of fact, this means that you should k eep things as simple as possible. Make sure that you always put yourself in a state of mind that is not overwhelmed with so much of information that you are unable to come up with a conclusion. To do this, you should take note of your information. For example, if you already know about a certain issue, you should write about that information so that you will be able to get your point across and this way, the reader will be interested in what you are writing.Writing the persuasive essay requires you to be creative in making your piece stand out. But, you should be careful to not get carried away with your writing. There are many methods that people use to make their persuasive essays stand out and this means that they are often misunderstood. If you want to do it right, then you must understand that there are a lot of strategies out there. The better that you know them, the better will be your writing and the more impact you will have on the reader.Speaking of impact, one of the most important things when it comes to writing the persuasive essay is to always stay connected with the actual facts. When you are writing the persuasive essay, you need to be sure that you do not confuse or exaggerate your facts. This means that if you are not sure whether or not a particular issue is real, you should be sure that you are not going to push the facts to your readers. Instead, you should take the time to find out the details of the matter. This way, you will be able to avoid any misunderstanding that might occur during the writing process.By writing the persuasive essay, you are doing something that could help a lot of people. To be able to achieve this, you should use the right amount of credibility and not lie. If you do this, the person will be able to put your words in perspective and understand why it is important to trust the information that you are providing. This way, you can be sure that the reader will take your words seriously and they will agree with what y ou are trying to say.By writing the persuasive essay, you will be helping others as well. When this happens, the person will understand that you are not doing something to hurt their feelings. This is important because it will help the other person feel good about themselves. This is one of the best things that you can do for the person.By using the techniques that you have learned in writing the persuasive essay, you will be able to make people feel good about themselves. It is also important to ensure that you make the information understandable and written in a way that the person will understand it. Then, the person will be able to gain some trust from you as well.

Social Problem List - How To Identify And Respond To Social Problems

Social Problem List - How To Identify And Respond To Social ProblemsA social problem list is a document that describes a social problem. A problem can be categorized as health, wealth, war, political or environmental. If a group wants to initiate a study on a social problem they create a project for the social problem list.The list can be made up of many different aspects but the two most important aspects are social structure and behavior. A social problem occurs when a group fails to understand a social situation and treat it as a whole. For example, the social problem of body dysmorphic disorder describes a person who has a mental disorder caused by their obsession with their appearance.All of the problems listed have one thing in common, they involve people who care about themselves. Unfortunately, humans care more about the image they project than they do about how other people will react to them. The reason for this is we believe that the way we look to others will affect how o thers see us. This is a flawed way of thinking and our view of reality is based on a faulty model.People do not care about how other people look. However, people can look at you, as long as they think they look good to you. If you have a small nose and are proud of it then other people will see you that way.All the people will feel that way because they are projecting their own perceptions about how they feel about themselves onto you. In this case, people view you as being inferior. There is no truth to what you feel. You are looking in the wrong place and that is where the problem starts.The problem will continue if you do not get involved and address the social problem on your own. In order to change the situation, you need to change the thoughts and feelings of those around you. You cannot change what other people think about you unless you are willing to accept them for who they are. Remember that you are always the best judge of yourself.If you look at yourself in the mirror a nd think you are ugly you will not feel confident. You can say things like, 'but I am not ugly' but that does not change the fact that you are projecting. Another way to view it is that if you are not handsome then you should be. The truth is you cannot control what other people think about you so you must accept them as they are.Social problem list can be used to discover why people behave the way they do and it can be used to provide insight into any situation. The social problem lists do not give reasons, but they allow you to understand what others think about you and what other people feel about you. Understanding and accepting yourself is the most important thing in life and without it nothing else can happen.

Heinrich Hoffman History - 1387 Words

Rita Mae Brown declares, â€Å"The static on sanity are that one out of every four Americans is suffering from some form of mental illness. Think of three best friends. If they’re okay, then it’s you† (brainyquote.com). Working as director at the State Mental Hospital in Frankfort am Main, Heinrich Hoffman created stories for his patients to read in his waiting room. The book remains the first to accurately describe ADHD and its symptoms. It makes the children’s book an important document of medical history (Thome, Jacobs). Before the late 1800s ADHD was not classified as a mental disorder it was just seen as bad behavior (Thome, Jacobs). In the cautionary tales, Der Stuwwelpeter, Heinrich Hoffman, utilizes characters to symbolize the mental disorders seen in his patients. Heinrich Hoffman was born on June 18, 1809 in in Frankfort Main, very close to the place he would start his psychiatry practice. Dr. Heinrich Hoffman always had a penchant for literatur e and writing but decided to study medicine under the pressure of his father (Thome, Jacobs). After graduating school, he became a general practitioner. He worked at the State Mental Hospital in Frankfort am Main. There he had the many inspirations for his cautionary tales that he would give to his three year old son as a Christmas present. Dr. Hoffman was then encouraged by his patients and a publisher to print copies of his books. He published 3,000 copies of Stuwwelpeter under the pseudonym â€Å"Reimerich Kinderlieb,† (Thome,Show MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd ) And The Frontal Lobe887 Words   |  4 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) and the Frontal Lobes Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) throughout history has been seen as a behavioral issue. The prevalence and attention given to ADD/ADHD as a disorder has not become apparent until more modern times. With the coming of Drugs, treatment seemed to become common and successful. There are many risk factors believed to contribute to developing ADD/ADHD. However, no correlates are indeedRead MoreThe Facts on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder781 Words   |  3 Pageshyperactivity disorder is actually a fairly new disorder. The first known case of ADHD was reported in 1798 by Sir Alexander Crichton. He then published three books on ADHD and other mental illnesses. The disorder became more acknowledged in 1844 due to Heinrich Hoffman, a German physician. He created many children’s books on ADHD, which some are still popular to this day. The disorder was brought more attention in 1902 as Sir George Frederick Still used his researc h on childhood diseases to create medical textbooksRead MoreFWA Froebel Essay1506 Words   |  7 Pageschildhood education. At the age of ten his mother’s brother visited the parsonage and took an interest in young Friedrich. The admiration was mutual as Friedrich suddenly found himself out of his father’s care and living with his uncle Herr Hoffman. For the next five years Froebel enjoyed a stable and caring household to grow up in and an excellent education at the local school. At the age of 15 he found himself again in the care of his father and while staying there, noting his affinity forRead MoreThe Role that Other Lesser-known Concentration Camps Play in the Holocaust1377 Words   |  6 Pageswithout a trial. In an effort to house all of them, Hitler ordered camps to be created to â€Å"concentrate† his opponents and keep them in a confined space. After Hitler’s orders, the concentration camp - Dachau - was established April 26, 1945. Opened by Heinrich Himmler on an abandoned munitions factory near the town of Dachau, its purpose to force the imprisoned Jews into labor. Prisoners lived in constant fear of brutal treatment and terror detention including beatings with a whip, hangings, and cellsRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1995 Words   |  8 Pageschild’s age - They must negatively affect two areas in a child’s life such as home or school. (http://www.teachadhd.ca/abcs-of-adhd/Pages/Introduction-to-ADHD.aspx#REF5) A full evaluation must be done on the child, looking at medical issues, family history and any significant life events that may cause child to act out. It is important to consider whether these factors play a part so that a misdiagnosis is avoided. One of the greatest difficulties in diagnosing ADHD is that is often found in conjunctionRead MoreThe Benefits of ADHD Medication2604 Words   |  10 Pagesacronym ADHD creates confusion because of the association with the outdated term Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). This disorder is not new amongst scientists and researchers; ADHD was recognized as a disorder by three doctors; Sir Alexander Crichton, Heinrich Hoffmann, and Dr. Sir George Still. Sir Alexander Crichton published three books, the second book entitled â€Å"On Attention and its Diseases† defines the attention as when any object of external sense, or of thought, occupies the mind in such a degreeRead MoreEssay on Learning Disabilities2181 Words   |  9 Pagesbehavioral condition called attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often associated with learning disabilities because people with ADHD may also have a hard time focusing enough to learn and study. ADHD was first described by Dr. Heinrich H offman in 1845. A physician who wrote books on medicine and psychiatry. Students with ADHD are often easily distracted and have trouble concentrating. They may also be excessively active or have trouble controlling their impulses. As discussed onRead MoreA Short Play on Adolph Hitler.2315 Words   |  10 PagesRaubal D- Good evening ladies and gentlemen, Im Mike Monroe and you are watching This is Your Life. Tonight, instead of surprising unsuspecting Australians, we would like to reveal a life story of Adolph Hitler, and how he is a big part of our history. Of course, most people think that Hitler was a man who could do great things, but it was evil greatness that he achieved. But to most people of Germany, he was their hero, particularly after their lose of World War One. He wanted what was best forRead More ADHD, Ritalin, Families, and Pharmaceutical Companies Essay3506 Words   |  15 Pagesof children have ADHD, which is roughly about 2 million children in the United States. This means that 1 child out of a classroom that has 25-30 students in it will have ADHD. The NIMH (2004) has stated this in their article on ADHD that Dr. Heinrich Hoffman first described it in 1845. He was a physician who wrote books on medicine and psychiatry, he also wrote books for children. He described the disease in a book he was writing to his son, he wrote The Story of Fidgety Phillip which describedRead MoreThe Evolution of Medicine from 1776 to 19382813 Words   |  11 Pagesand calomel. Calomel is a highly toxic dose of mercury that acted as a purgative and killed bacteria. The three doctors that attended General George Washington’s bedside, during his final hours, were believed to have administered calomel to him. As history would lend itself, after several attempts unsuccessful bloodletting, the calomel was the straw that broke the camel’s back, and resulted in the death of General Washington. This brought light to this medicine and doctors were reluctant to use it.

Information Security And Risk Management - 926 Words

To begin with, I started with two courses in the EMSISS program - ISOL 633 - Legal Regulations, Compliance, and Investigation and ISOL 533- Information Security and Risk Management. I also got an internship opportunity of a part time CPT with Sapot Systems Inc as a Software Engineer. The knowledge and interest I had along with these courses, helped me to go that extra mile in my day to day job responsibility. Course learnings and It s impact on the Internship: Through ISOL-633, I got an extensive knowledge of Information security encompassing the US legal system and federal governance, security and privacy of financial information, health records, children, corporations, risk analysis, investigation, and management. Whereas, ISOL 533 was focused on defining the seven primary domains of any IT organization, understanding and assessing the IT risks associated with them through Risk assessment plan, perform Impact analysis and layout a Business continuity plan. At Sapot systems, we provide Sharepoint services to clients - which can be individuals or large corporations as a business solution. I help them set-up services like Business connectivity services, search service, excel service and metadata service. While setting up these services, I always keep in mind what, when, and who needs to access what kind of data/services and ensure that highest level of security scrutiny is present in the system, so that people are able to access wha t they shouldShow MoreRelatedInformation Security and Risk Management1473 Words   |  6 Pagesactivity. This reversal in focus by both individuals and institutions may simply be a natural response to the reduced capabilities of al-Qaeda and other terrorist networks, as confirmed by the leading authority on terrorism and its effects, and national security analyst for the CNN network, Peter Bergen, who observed recently that the Obama administration has played a large role in reducing terrorist threats by continuing and scaling up many of former President George W. Bushs counter-terrorist methodsRead MoreInformation Security Risks And Risk Management1883 Words   |  8 Pagesused by organisations and charities wishing to exterminate the possible risks by assembly information security risk assessment (information security risk assessment). The ISRA is able to resolve the amount of the potential risk associated with an IT system. An ISRA method identifies an organization s security r isks and provides a measured analysed security risk profile of critical assets in order to build plans to treat the risks hand would beneficial in health and social care to insure things areRead MoreInformation Security Risk Management2820 Words   |  12 PagesDiscussion As observed at the 4th International Conference on Global e-Security in London in June 2008, Information Security Risk Management (ISRM) is a major concern of organizations worldwide. Although the number of existing ISRM methodologies is enormous, in practice a lot of resources are invested by organizations in creating new ISRM methodologies in order to capture more accurately the risks of their complex information systems. This is a crucial knowledge-intensive process for organizationsRead MoreInformation Security : It Risk Management1795 Words   |  8 Pages ITC 596 - IT Risk Management Professor: Michael Baron Table of Contents 1. Information security is Information risk management 3 2. Information Security Risk Assessment: The Qualitative Versus Quantitative 5 3. Perception of Risk 7 Reference 9 1. Information security is Information risk management Introduction The present Information Security technology seems insufficient to totally deal with all the ICT problems of the organization. As per BobRead MoreInformation Security Risk Analysis and Management2195 Words   |  9 PagesInformation security refers to the protection of information and its critical elements, including the systems and hardware that use, store, and transmit that information. An ideal organization usually comprises of the following layers of security put in place to safeguard its operations:- physical, operations, communications, networks, personnel, and information security. A risk can be defined as the probability that something unwanted will happen. Risk analysis and management therefore refers toRead MoreEssay Risk Management in Information Technology Security795 Words   |  4 PagesIS3110 Risk Management in Information Technology Security STUDENT COPY: Graded Assignments  © ITT Educational Services, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -73- Change Date: 05/25/2011 Unit 1 Assignment 1: Application of Risk Management Techniques Learning Objectives and Outcomes You will be able to identify different risk management techniques for the seven domains of a typical IT infrastructure and apply them under different situations. Assignment Requirements Introduction: As discussed in thisRead MoreAn Evaluation of Information Security and Risk Management Theories1903 Words   |  8 PagesAn abundance of information security and risk management theories are prevalent; however, it can be difficult to identify valid and applicable theories. In the reading to follow, several information security and risk management theories are evaluated. These theories are presented and employed via various frameworks, models, and best practice guidelines. An assessment of sufficient research pertaining to these theories is addressed, along with a consideration of the challenges that arise from aRead MoreManaging Information Security Risks: The Octave Approach1635 Words   |  6 PagesAlberts, C. Dorofee, A.(2003) Managing Information Security Risks: The OCTAVE Approach. New York: Addison Wesley. This work is a descriptive and yet process-oriented book on the concept of security risk assessment with a specific focus on new risk evaluation methodology, OCTAVE. The term OCTAVE is used to denote f Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability Evaluation SM.It is important that organizations conduct a security risk evaluation in order for them to effectively evaluateRead MoreRisk Assessment : An Essential Part Of A Risk Management Process1046 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The risk assessment is an essential part of a risk management process designed to provide appropriate levels of security for information systems. The assessment approach analyzes the relationships among assets, threats, vulnerabilities and other elements. Security risk assessment should be a continuous activity. Thus, a comprehensive enterprise security risk assessment should be conducted at least once every two years to explore the risks associated with the organization’s information systemsRead MoreIs20071634 Words   |  7 Pages 0 INTRODUCTION 0.1 WHAT IS INFORMATION SECURITY? 0.2 WHY INFORMATION SECURITY IS NEEDED? 0.3 HOW TO ESTABLISH SECURITY REQUIREMENTS 0.4 ASSESSING SECURITY RISKS 0.5 SELECTING CONTROLS 0.6 INFORMATION SECURITY STARTING POINT Information security is defined as the preservation of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information †¦ Information security is defined as the preservation of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information †¦ 0.7 CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS

Business Case Analysis Memo Qantas Airlines

Question: Write about theBusiness Case Analysis Memofor Qantas Airlines. Answer: Introduction The recent attempt to use social media to promote Qantas brand name in Australia and around the world has not gone along as had been desired. While the idea itself was great, and had worked elsewhere, it was carried out in a manner that made it destined to fail, and prove to be a costly blunder for the company. Qantas had steadily built itself to become one of the most valuable Australian brands. It had successfully reinvented itself through trying moments such as the WWII, competition, and the labour relations which at times caused the company huge losses. However, operational and marketing issues were threatening to dilute the value of its brand, at a dangerous time where the competition was circling above keen to take advantage. The purpose of this memo is to discuss the issues which went wrong during the ill-fated social media campaign, future actions that the company can take, and recommend a communications plan template. The memo will underline the importance of having a well d efined social media communication plan. Key Issues One of the first issues identified for the case is the lack of proper management of the social media platform. The company had the opportunity to arrest the outpouring of negativity by issuing a strong message to show remorse and appreciation of the negative messages received, and discontinuing the exercise. By being unable to do this, the organization exposed itself to a vicious backlash from the public, which had been awaiting the opportune moment to register dissatisfaction with company. In addition to this, the company had been unable to show that it was actually keen on the messages it was receiving. It was clear that the company had not taken time to read the comments, and had instead sent out a message that may have been construed as a mockery of customer complaints. The timing of the whole campaign was not right. The company was not having the best of times. Strikes had led to the inconveniencing of tens of thousands of clients, who had had to pay more, due to the industrial action that had been called by the labour unions representing the airlines employees. The company was also barely recovering from several embarrassing incidents concerning its aircraft. Some had malfunctioned, forcing the company to at one time ground several of its aircraft. These issues were still fresh on the minds of passengers. The company had not gone the extra mile to placate the public, and thereby set the stage for a successful campaign. Instead, it was seen to be disregarding all these issues, to the chagrin of the public, home and abroad. In view of the problems that the company had faced in the past, the nature of the campaign was also not advisable. The company was clearly aware that what people associated it most with were inconvenience and court battles regarding the industrial action by its employees. The company was able to ignore this, and instead focus on other things that ran contrary to what the public wanted to hear. Promising luxury at this time was therefore bound to elicit negative reactions from people who felt that the company had not done enough to ensure that the problems did not occur. They also felt that the company likely did not understand the magnitude of the issues it was facing, and that it was very poor in its communication. Recommendations Qantas should in future ensure that its social media and other campaigns are sensitive of the time and circumstances under which they are run. For instance, on the back of disastrous operations that saw the grounding of the entire fleet and delaying of flights due to issues such as engine failure, the message should not be about luxury aboard Qantas. Instead, the message should be tuned more effectively towards ensuring that the company takes responsibility for the actions, shows that it is genuinely sorry, and remedies the situation as soon as possible (Hajli, 2013). The company should be more proactive in its communication policy. It should, for instance, desist from sending messages which are generic in nature, aimed not to respond to messages in real time, but to the expected results. The management should also ensure that all communication form the firm is conscious of all the factors discussed above, including social and economic issues that may damage the company. It is only with this that the company may then be able to carry out successful campaigns, and more importantly, help in repairing its image after the Twitter debacle (Paquette, 2013). Factors to Consider whenUsing Social Media One of the most factors to consider is the nature of the conversation or marketing exercise that the company intends to undertake. Some issues are not well tuned to the use of social media, through which negativity may easily take over, and thereby disrupt the original intention of the campaign. Secondly, the communication policy of the organization must be considered (Akar Topcu, 2011). Many organizations may not have a vigilant online presence. They may therefore not appreciate the importance of listening and responding in online conversations, and generally, engaging online clients. If this is the case, the company should either first develop a comprehensive social media policy, or shelve plans to use social media as a marketing platform (Bamini, Dahnil, Yi, 2014; Paquette, 2013) Communication Plan Template 1.Timing 4th May, 2017 2.Audience Olivia Wirth 3.Sender 4.Key Message The nature, timing, and response to the social media campaign were not optimal. This should be rectified by carefully revising the content of the message in consideration of the time and circumstances. The company should in future adopt a more hands on approach in how it manages its social media presence, by actively engaging the audience, and resolving any potential sources of negative feedback or publicity. 5.Desired Outcome The company will be able to better manage its social media platforms. It will be able too, to use the platform as a powerful tool to engage its market and drive its sales. 6.Medium Since this is a social media problem, it still should be the medium to be used. 7.Materials Material that is both proud of the firms Australian heritage, and also sensitive of the various social issues should be utilised. Appreciation of the positive and negative times in the companys business should be harnessed for good. 8.Frequency Messages should be sent three times a week. This will mean that, whereas the company does not inundate the internet with messages, it still remains a visible presence. Summary Qantas now appreciates, more than ever before, that the Twitter platform is a double edged sword. While it may sometimes be an ingenious way of getting the message to the intended recipient easily, it can also be used to hit back at the company, causing it losses. To ensure this does not happen, the company should ensure that it gets the nature and timing of any such exercise right. The plan recommended above will help the References Akar, E., Topcu, B. (2011). An Examination of the Factors Influencing Consumers' Attitudes Toward Social Media Marketing. Journal of Internet Commerce , 10 (1), 35-67. Bamini, K., Dahnil, M., Yi, W. (2014). The Impact of Social Media Marketing Medium toward Purchase Intention and Brand Loyalty among Generation Y. Social and Behavioral Sciences , 148, 177-185. Hajli, N. (2013). A study of the impact of social media on consumers. International Journal of Market Research , 56 (3), 387-404. Paquette, H. (2013). Social Media as a Marketing Tool: a literature Review. Major Papers by MSC stdsts , 1-27.

The Special Economic Zone Act of 1995 How Special Is It Essay Example

The Special Economic Zone Act of 1995: How Special Is It? Essay Cabatos 1 Lawdemhar T. Cabatos Ms. Louyzza Maria Victoria H. Vasquez English 10 21 March 2013 The Special Economic Zone Act of 1995: How Special Is It? Approved on February 24, 1995, the Special Economic Zone Act of 1995, the â€Å"act providing for the legal framework and mechanisms for the creation, operation, administration, and coordination of special economic zones in the Philippines, creating for this purpose, the Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA), and for other purposes,† took effect on the very day President Fidel Valdez Ramos imprinted his signature on the bill (â€Å"Republic Act No. 7916). It is the government? s declared policy to materialize state policies and provisions of the 1987 Philippine Constitution. Section 20, Article II of the 1987 Constitution states, â€Å"The State recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector, encourages private enterprise, and provides incentives to needed investments† and Section 12 of Article XII declares that â€Å"The State shall promote the preferential use of Filipino labor, domestic materials and locally produced goods, and adopt measures that help make them competitive,† (â€Å"The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines†). By virtue of Republic Act No. 916, the Philippine government hopes to fulfill the mandates of its constitution. Before we deal on how special Republic Act No. 7916 really is, what are special economic zones (SEZs)? Defined in Republic Act No. 7916, Special Economic Zones (SEZs) or ECOZONES are â€Å"selected areas with highly developed or which have the potential to be Cabatos 2 developed into agro-industrial, industrial, tourist/recreational, commercial, banking, investment and financial centers. An ECOZONE may contain any or all of the following: industrial estates (IEs), export processing zones (EPZs), free trade zones, and tourist/recreational centers. The law defines an industrial estate (IE) as â€Å"a tract of land subdivided and developed according to a comprehensive plan under a unified continuous management and with provisions for basic infrastructure and utilities, with or without pre-built standard factory buildings and community facilities for the use of the community of industries. † An export processing zone (EPZ) is â€Å"a specialized industrial estate located physically and/or administratively outside customs territory, predominantly oriented to export production. A free trade zone is â€Å"an isolated policed area adjacent to a port of entry (as a seaport) and/or airport where imported goods may be unloaded for im mediate transshipment or stored, repacked, sorted, mixed, or otherwise manipulated without being subject to import duties† (â€Å"Republic Act No. 7916†). For years, industrialization has been centered in key cities the National Capital Region for Luzon, Cebu for Visayas and Davao and Cagayan de Oro for Mindanao – leaving other regions trailing behind the Philippine industrialization scheme. We will write a custom essay sample on The Special Economic Zone Act of 1995: How Special Is It? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Special Economic Zone Act of 1995: How Special Is It? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Special Economic Zone Act of 1995: How Special Is It? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus, special economic zones, as stated in the objectives of the law, are created to promote rural industrialization by transforming selected areas in the country into highly developed industrial, commercial and financial centers thereby promoting flow of both foreign and local investors and generating employment opportunities for the area? s labor force and ultimately supporting the government? s effort to reduce unemployment (â€Å"Republic Act No. 7916†). Economic zones are also thought to promote balanced growth by providing jobs especially to rural areas. Employment generation by special economic zones, in theory, bridges the poverty gap among social classes and balances the regional income inequality among regions (Clarete and Veron). Cabatos 3 To promote the flow of local and foreign investors into special economic zones, the law provides special incentives to enterprises located in special economic zones, including exemptions from taxes under the National Internal Revenue Code. The law states that no taxes, local or national, shall be imposed on business enterprises operating within the ECOZONES. Instead, five percent (5%) of the gross income within the ECOZONE shall be remitted to the national government. Incentives are also given to enterprises located in export processing zones (EPZs) and free trade zones. Special permits for the importation of capital equipment and raw materials that are not subject to duties, taxes and other import restrictions are given to these businesses (â€Å"Republic Act No. 7916†). Through giving prospective investors tax incentives, the government aims to reel in foreign investors and urge local investors to establish businesses in special economic zones. Prior to the establishment of special economic zones in the Philippines, other Asian countries have already created special economic zones with the goal of attracting foreign direct investment, easing extensive unemployment, supporting a wider economic improvement policy, and as experimental laboratories and test economies for the application of new policies and approaches (Farole and Akinci). Studies have been conducted in recent years to look into the cost-to-benefit ratio and economic and social impacts of policies enacted for the creation of special economic zones in these countries. In China, for example, the Third Plenum of the 11th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party adopted the Open Door Policy in 1978 and in 1980, four municipalities in two provinces were designated as special economic zones, opening China to global contact and influences. Almost immediately, the four special economic zones accounted for 59. 8% of the total Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in China. Since then, the SEZs continued to result in high rates of Cabatos 4 economic growth in China (Yeung, Lee and Kee). Analysis on the economic statistics of Chinese municipalities from 1978 to 2007 showed how special economic zones benefit the economy of China. Special economic zones increase per capita municipal foreign direct investment by 58% in foreign-invested and export-oriented industrial enterprises. Further analysis on the statistics also showed that the special economic zones increased municipal foreign owned capital stock while keeping the domestic capital and investment at a competitive level. Special economic zones also bring more advanced technology and increased total factor productivity by 0. 6% (Wang). Despite the economic benefits special economic zones have brought to China, several cases have turned up showing unsuccessful implementation of special economic zones in several countries. Quite a number of zones have become „white elephants? , zones that resulted in an industry taking advantage of tax breaks and incentives but are unable to generate substantial employment or export returns (Farole and Akinci). Similar to the SEZs, Industrial Development Zones (IDZs) have been established in South Africa. However, unlike the impressive performance of special economic zones in other countries which transformed their economies into tiger economies, IDZs in South Africa have failed to sufficiently attract foreign investments or compete internationally (Altbeker, McKeown and Bernstein). In India, the designation of special economic zones has generated and constantly increased employment in regions where special economic zones are established. Figures may seem large, but when employment enerated by special economic zones in India is analyzed on a national level, special economic zones in India accounted for only less than one percent (1%) of the total manufacturing employment since their establishment in 1966 (Aggarwal). Cabatos 5 In the Philippines, special economic zones have already been established even before the Special Economic Zone Act of 1995 became a law. It was in 1923 that the Chambe r of Commerce of the Philippines first conceptualized the creation of export processing zones or special economic zones. By 1967 the first export processing zone, the Bataan Export Processing Zone (BEPZ) was established by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 66 of then-President Ferdinand Marcos. Since then, several others have been established including two of the country? s major special economic zones the Clark Special Economic Zone and the Subic Bay Freeport Zone (Mallari and Padilla). The Special Economic Zone Act of 1995 was the government? s response to the call of rural industrialization of the 1993-1998 Medium Term Philippine Development Plan. In pursuit for the aim of dispersing the industrialization scheme outside the National Capital Region, the government developed special economic zones through its Philippines 2000 program (Mallari and Padilla). With the SEZs? goal of promoting the flow of investments and generation of employment, studies have been conducted focusing on three of the major special economic zones in the country, the Bataan Export Processing Zone (BEPZ), the Clark Special Economic Zone (CSEZ) and the Subic Bay Freeport Zone, to look into the benefits and drawbacks of creating these special economic zones to Philippine economy and society. Looking into the working conditions of the Bataan Export Processing Zone, survey results have shown that majority of the labor force was composed of female workers, accounting for seventy-four percent (74%) of the total workforce, 67% of which are young or are 24 years old and below. Moreover, workers have been found to be well-educated relative to the job they have been hired for in the Bataan Export Processing Zone. Sixty percent (60%) had finished high school education and 16% pursued a post-secondary education (Mallari and Padilla). Cabatos 6 Significant difference in the wage of male and female workers was lso observed. Female workers were given a lower basic wage relative to that of male workers. Furthermore, one-third of the employees were paid below the minimum wage for the Bataan region. Despite the uneven and insufficient wages of workers, laborers sill work six days per week. A quarter of the labor force worked for 60 hours and 5% worked for more than 70 hours per week, wh ere 46% worked overtime. The study reported that the working hours of workers per week in the Bataan Export Processing Zone were greater than the standard working hours of 8 hours per day and 48 hours per week (Mallari and Padilla). In conclusion, the Bataan Export Processing Zone was observed to have failed in creating sufficient opportunities of employment for the labor force in Mariveles, Bataan because of the limited capacity of enterprises to absorb the ever-increasing supply of labor in the area. The BEPZ, despite being momentarily able to generate adequate employment opportunities, has not catalyzed the growth of other economic activities in the region (Mallari and Padilla). The Clark Special Economic Zone (CSEZ) and the Subic Bay Freeport Zone were created by virtue of Republic Act No. 227, otherwise known as the Bases Conversion and Development Act of 1992. The act aimed to convert Clark and Subic U. S. military bases, together with their extensions and substations, into productive civilian and economic use of lands through the establishment of special economic zones (â€Å"Republic Act No. 7227). Similar to the performance of the Bataan Export Processing Zone, the Clark Special Economic Zone, despite having been able to continuously expand employment opportunities in Pampanga and increased the value of exports, has not proven to have generated substantial employment. The thousands of job opportunities provided for the labor supply in Pampanga is not significant in proportion with total employment of Pampanga (Mallari and Padilla). Cabatos 7 A study on the decisive factors in establishing enterprises in Subic concludes that investors opt to create businesses in Subic because of competitively-priced raw materials and the abundance of skilled and literate labor force (Go and Tatad). Add the incentives given to these enterprises and you get a multi-million dollar business enterprise booming in profit while compromising the benefits and quality of their labor force. How special then is the Special Economic Zone Act of 1995 and its SEZs? We recall that the goal for the enactment of this law and the creation of special economic zones is to take the Philippine industrialization scheme outside of Metro Manila, promote rural industrialization and the spur of economic activity in less urbanized regions, generate employment and ease the regional income inequality and the poverty gap among social classes. However, there seems to be a mishap, not on the law but on the implementation of the law. In policy, special economic zones promote balanced growth by spreading the industrialization in rural regions and SEZs are indisputably effective in promoting foreign and local investments in areas where they are located. Although SEZs have been established outside the National Capital Region, it is evident that a large number of these SEZs, especially the largest and most dynamic ones have been established in areas proximate to NCR and still leaving behind Visayas and Mindanao in the economic progress of Luzon. There have been improvements in the national regional income inequality but are largely due to changes in inequality between top ranking regions in Luzon (Clarete and Veron). Just how special is it then? Cabatos 8 China and other Asian countries have done it. Why haven? t we? Is it because of the law? No. It is because of the poor system that we have, a system driven by money and stained by corruption. And unless we start the change to a cleaner, more efficient and a better system, „special? would only be in the name of Republic Act No. 7916, not on Philippine society. Cabatos 9 Works Cited Aggarwal, Aradhna. Impact of Special Economic Zones on Employment, Poverty and Human Development. Working Paper. Indian Council for Reserch on International Economic Relations. May 2007. Web. 15 March 2013 Alejandro, Ethel P. and Roselie B. Tubeo. Clark Special Economic Zone: An Assessment of Costs and Benefits. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Diliman School of Economics, Octobe r 1998. Print. Altbeker, Antony, Katie McKeown and Ann Bernstein. Special Economic Zones: Lessons for South Africa from international evidence and local. Centre for Development and Enterprise Round Table. Johannesburg, South Africa: The Centre for Development and Enterprise, June 2012. Web. 15 March 2013 Anderson, Eric Moltzau. Economic Implications of Clark and Subic. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Diliman School of Economics, September 1996. Print. Beltran, Barbara and Ma. Lumen B. Isleta. The Establishment of Industrial Estates in the Philippines: an Inquiry into the Impact of Bataan Export Processing Zone on the Philippine Economy. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Diliman School of Economics, 18 March 1981. Print. Clarete, Kenneth Jordan M. nd Alvin F. Veron. Economic Zones and the Regional Income Inequality in the Philippines. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Diliman School of Economics, April 2009. Print. Cabatos 10 Farole, Thomas and Gokhan Akinci. Special Economic Zones: Progress, Emerging Challenges and Future Directions. Washington DC: The World Bank. 2011. Web. 16 March 2013 Go, Marie Fleurdeliz Uy and Maria Raissa Cantero Tatad. A Case Stu dy on Foreign Investment in Philippine Special Economic Zones: The Analysis of the Factors Significant to Foreign Firms Investing in the Subic Bay Freeport Zone. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Diliman School of Economics, March 1995. Print. Inciong, Leslie M. and Ma. Joy Kathleen U. Rabago. An Evaluation of the Economic Performance of Two Hybrid Ecozones: Subic Bay Freeport and Calabarzon Growth Network. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Diliman School of Economics, 16 October 1998. Print. Mallari, Christine Mae G. and Mary Prudence H. Padilla. Employment Generation and Working Condition at Clark Special Economic Zone. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Diliman School of Economics, 2000. Print. Republic Act No. 7227. 13 March 1992. Philippine Bases Conversion and Development Authority. 20 March 2013. Web. 20 March 2013 Republic Act No. 7916. 24 February 1995. Official Gazette. Web. 11 March 2013. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines . 11 February 1987. Official Gazette. Web. 11 March 2013 Cabatos 11 Wang, Jin. The Economic Impact of Special Economic Zones: Evidence from Chinese Municipalities. Job Market Paper. London School of Economics. November 2009. Web. 13 March 2013 Yeung, Yue-man, Joanna Lee and Gordon Kee. Chinas Special Economic Zones at 30. The Chinese University of Hong Kong. 2009. Web. 19 March 2013.